English has many beautiful and evocative words for different shades of the basic colour palette. Here are just a few for your contemplation:

• alabaster : a soft-creamy off-white with subtle undertones of beige, named for the fine-textured white gypsum that is often carved into vases and ornaments
• ivory : an off-white with a slight tint of yellow that resembles ivory, the material from which the teeth and tusks of animals is made
• magnolia : a warm creamy white named for the flowers of the magnolia tree of the same colour
• fuchsia : a vivid purplish-red, named for flowers of the fuchsia plant. It is sometimes described as hot pink or vivid pink
• burgundy: a dark purplish-red which takes its name from the colour of red wine produced in the Burgundy region of France
• cerise : a deep reddish pink whose name comes from the French word cerise meaning cherry
• coral : a strong pinkish-orange named for the intensely colored reddish-orange skeleton of coral
• amber : a range of yellow-oranges named for the hardened resin of certain types of ancient trees that have been fossilized over millennia called amber which has been used in  jewellery for centuries
• saffron : a golden yellowy-orange resembling the colour of the tip of the saffron crocus thread, from which the spice saffron is derived
• chartreuse : a vivid yellowy green named after the colour of a French liqueur of the same name that was originally made by monks in the 18th century
• celadon : a pale blue green with gray undertones named after a type of ceramic that originated in China during the 10th century
• jade : a pale green with bluish tones, named for one of the most common and typical colours of the mineral jade
• juniper : a rich, deep green that takes its name from the berries of the aromatic juniper tree
• sage : a grey-green resembling the colour of dried leaves of the herb sage 
• aquamarine : a light bluish tint of green that is named after the mineral aquamarine, a gemstone found mainly in granite rocks
• teal : blue-green whose name comes from that of a bird, the common teal -Anas crecca - that has a stripe of this colour on its head
• turquoise : a mixture of pale green and pale blue that takes its name from the gemstone of the same colour called turquoise. The name comes from the French word for Turkish
• azure : a deep blue which takes its name from the intense blue mineral lapis lazuli.  The word came into English from the French azur
• cerulean : a bright sky-blue. The word cerulean comes from the Latin word caeruleum, which means sky or heavens
• mauve : a pale greyish bluey-purple named after the mallow flower whose French name is mauve
• indigo : a rich dark purplish-blue. Indigo dye is extracted from the leaf of a tropical plant and the word indigo comes from the Latin for Indian as the dye was originally imported to Europe from India
• violet : a dark bluish-purple that takes its name from the flowers of the violet plant
• slate : a dull bluish-purple grey that is the typical colour of slate which is the metamorphic rock easily split into smooth, flat plates and used for many purposes, like roof tiles
• ecru : a light grey with tinges of brownish,  a light beige or fawn, from the French word  écru meaning raw or unbleached, as in unbleached silk or linen
• taupe : greyish-brown or brownish-grey whose name is derived from the French word taupe meaning mole
• mahogany : a deep reddish-brown named after the colour of the hardwood tropical Mahogany tree
• russet : a dark brown color with a reddish-orange tinge whose name derives from a coarse cloth made of wool and dyed with woad and madder and called russet 
• sepia : a reddish-brown named after the rich brown pigment derived from the ink sack of a cuttlefish. The word sepia is from the Greek word for cuttlefish
• maroon :  dark brownish-purplish red that takes its name from the French word marron meaning chestnut
• ebony : a very dark black colour with undertones of brown and olive. Its name derives from the dark heartwood of the ebony tree, a native tree of India and Sri Lanka

I'm sure you know many, many more. Here are a few more lovely colour words to delight you:

amaranthine, amethyst, bronze, cadmium, carmine, charcoal, citron, cobalt, crimson, cyan, jasper, lavender, lilac, magenta, mint, obsidian, ochre, onyx, oxblood, periwinkle, perse, pewter, platinum, puce, sable, scarlet, silver, tawny, ultramarine, umber, vermilion, verdigris.